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Gun Shot and Blackening of Skin

       If a firearm is discharged very close to the body or in actual contact, subcutaneous tissues over an area of two or three inches around the wound of entrance are lacerated and the surrounding skin is usually scorched and blackened by smoke and tattooed with inherent grains of gunpowder or smokeless propellant powder. The adjacent hairs are blackened and the clothes covering the part are burnt by the flame.   If the powder is smokeless, there may be a greyish or white deposit on the skin around the wound.   If the area is photographed by infrared lights, smoke also around the wound may be clearly noticed.   Blackening is found if a firearm like a shotgun is discharged from a distance of not more than three feet and a revolver or a pistol is discharged within about two feet. (Modi’s Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology)  
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How many types of Postmortem

       There are mainly two types of postmortem i) Clinical or academic postmortem        This is a postmortem medical professional conducted it with the consent of the relative to know the degree of illness for which the deceased was subjected to treatment for that illness. ii) Medico-Legal Postmortem This is also known as forensic postmortem.           This type of post-mortem is conducted on the call of the legal authority, which is responsible for the investigation of ascertainment of cause of death like sudden, insecure, natural, unnatural,                suspicious, suicidal, etc.          There are mainly two types of postmortem i) Clinical or academic postmortem        This is a postmortem medical professional conducted it with the consent of the relative to know the degree of illness for which the deceased was subjected to treatment for that illness. ii) Medico-Legal Postmortem This is also known as forensic postmortem.           This type of post-mortem

Why Post-mortem is conducted

                      The basic idea and aim conducted postmortem of a dead human body  is:- i) to ascertain the cause of death. ii) status of health of the person before and after death. iii) Approximately ascertainment of time of death. iv) to establish the identity of the body. v) cause of death:- a) homicidal b) suicidal c) unnatural  d) natural e) accidental f) disease

What are the laws governing Medical Practice?

 The eight most important laws in India control the upkeep of professional standards in education, acknowledgement of academic credentials, licensing of new medical professionals, and enforcement of disciplinary action against practicing allopathic, Ayurvedic, sidhe, Unani, homeopathic, nursing, and pharmacists. These laws are: a) The Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916. b) The India Medical Council Act, 1956. c) The Dentists Act 1948. d) The Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. e) The Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970. f) The Homeopathy Central Council Act, 1973. g) The Pharmacy Act,1948. h) The Clinical Establishment (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010.acknowledgment

Consent of the patient or his relative in medical profession

  This consent of the patient or his relative before the performance of a medical health case is known as “informed consent”. It is well established that the patient has the right to complete information in non-professional terms, relating to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.  He should also be informed about the alternative treatment and its possible complications. The foremost duty of the medical professional to disclose all these aspects to the patients, however subject to two exceptions: a) No disclosure is required, if the patient indicates a preference not to be informed, or b) If the physician or the surgeon believes in the exercise of served medical judgment that the patient is so anxious or disturbed that the information would not be processed rationally or that it would probably cause significant psychological harm.   In the New York case of schhendorff Vs. New York Hospital, 211NY, 215, Justice Cardozo held:- “Every human being of adult years and sound mind h

Oath as a Witness

            When a witness is called to the witness box, he must take an oath before offering testimony. "The evidence which I shall give to the court shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," must be repeated by the witness when taking the oath. Saying "I do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that what I shall state shall be truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" is the required statement for a witness wishing to testify in solemn affirmation. No failure to take an oath or make an affirmation, no replacement of one person for another, and no irregularities of any kind in the form or manner in which any oath or affirmation is administered , shall render inadmissible any evidence whatever, in or in respect of which such omission, substitution or irregularity took place, or shall affect the obligation of a witness to state the truth? 1.  Section 4 & 5 and the Schedule of the Oaths Act, 196